Several studies have been conducted to apply tissue engineering through controlling parameters of the electrospinning process, including electrospinning process parameters (i.e., the application of an electric field, flow rate, distance between the needle and collector, and diameter of the metallic needle) and solution parameters (i.e., concentration, viscosity, and solution conductivity). A simple equipment setup makes electrospinning a versatile way to process all of the different biocompatible polymers into fibrous scaffolds. Electrospinning is a spinning technique that uses electrostatic forces to produce fibrous scaffolds from biocompatible polymers. Therefore, biomaterials should be designed and engineered with the optimized structural function for the target tissue in mind.Įlectrospinning has been used for the fabrication of ECM-mimicking fibrous scaffolds for several decades. The relationship between architecture and function that governs normal physiology is equally instrumental in tissue regeneration. The biomimetic approaches taken in the field of biomaterials seek out innovation in technology from the phenomenon in nature. These components are known to provide mechanical and biochemical support to the surrounding cells, and these effects are dependent on tissue type. Given the importance of intercellular interactions between scaffolds and implanted surrounding cells/tissues, considerable efforts have been made to design an artificial extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of complex fibrous structures, including glycosaminoglycans, collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers. These engineering techniques start with scaffolds, providing environments for cells/tissues to grow in an orderly manner, and become functionalized into new tissues/organs. The review concludes with some personal perspectives on the future work to be done in order to include electrospinning technique in the industrial development of biomedical materials.Tissue engineering is an emerging multidisciplinary field that aims to regenerate damaged or lost tissues/organs of living organisms using a combination of cells and scaffolds. Different methods for incorporating active agents on nanofibers and controlling their release mechanisms are also reviewed. Then a description of how nanofiber based scaffolds offer great promise in the regener-ation or function restoration of damaged or diseased bones, muscles or nervous tissue is reported. It reviews the different available electrospinning configurations, detailing how the different process variables and material types determine the obtained fibers characteristics. In particular, the advantages and disadvantages of using an electrospinning mat for biomedical applications are discussed. This article presents an overview of this technique focusing on its application for tissue engineering. The diversity of electrospinnable materials, and the unique features associated with electro-spun fibers make this technique and its resultant structures attractive for applications in the biomedical field. In addition, the various applications of electrospun fibers in electronic devices, environmental sensors and filters, energy storage, and in biomedicine such as in tissue engineering, drug delivery and enzyme encapsulation are examined and the current research in each field is also explored in this review.Įlectrospinning is a versatile technique for generating a mat of continuous fibers with diameters from a few nanometers to several micrometers. By simple modifications to the electric field inside the electrospinning chamber the fiber collection can be easily controlled. This review summarizes the effect of various processing parameters on the effective generation of nanofibers. The relatively high production rate and simplicity of the setup makes electrospinning highly attractive. The production of the fibers and the morphology can be easily controlled by modifications to the processing parameters. The nano materials generated using this technology have a large surface area and are highly porous making it very useful in many applications in diverse fields such as energy storage, healthcare, biotechnology, environmental engineering, defense and security. Electrospinning is the most versatile technology in use today, for the generation of polymer nano-scale fibers.
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